Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Brunnau Inn, Austria, and died on 30 April 1945 in Berlin, Germany, Nazi Party leader from 1920/21, and Chancellor and Fuser of Germany from 1933–45 went. He was Chancellor from January 30, 1933, and after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, assumed the twin titles of Führer and Chancellor.
Hitler's father, Eloise, born 1837, was an illegitimate. For some time he named his mother Schiklguber, but by 1876 he had established his family's claim to the surname Hitler. Adolf never used any other surname.
After his father's retirement from the State Customs Service, Adolf Hitler spent most of his childhood in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. This remained his favorite city throughout his life, and he expressed a desire to be buried there. Adolf Hitler’s father died in 1903, but left enough pensions and savings for his wife and children. Although Hitler feared and disliked his father, he was a devoted son to his mother, who died in 1907 after much suffering. Hitler never advanced beyond a secondary education, with a mixed record as a student. After leaving school, he visited Vienna, then returned to Linz, where he dreamed of becoming an artist. Later, he used small allowances issued to maintain himself in Vienna. He wanted to study art, for which he had few faculty, but he failed to get admission in the Academy of Fine Arts twice. For a few years he lived a lonely and isolated life, earning an indefinite livelihood by photographing postcards and advertisements and moving from one municipal hostel to another. Hitler already showed traits characteristic of his later life: loneliness and secrecy, a bohemian mode of everyday existence, and disgust with cosmopolitanism and Vienna's multinational character.
In 1913 Hitler moved to Munich. Screened for Austrian military service in February 1914, he was classified as ineligible due to insufficient physical strength; But when World War I broke out, he allowed Bavarian King Lewis III to serve and the day after that request was submitted, he was informed that he would be allowed to join the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment . After some eight weeks of training, Hitler was stationed in Belgium in October 1914, where he participated in the first Battle of Ypres. He served throughout the war, was wounded in October 1916, and was assassinated two years later near Ypres. He was admitted to the hospital when the conflict ended. During the war, he was constantly in the front line as the headquarters runner; His bravery was attributed in December 1914 to
the Iron Cross, the Second Class, and the Iron Cross, the First Class (one rare decoration for CPL) was rewarded with. He greeted the war with great enthusiasm in August 1918. Despair and aimlessness of civilian life. He found the discipline and comradeship satisfactory and his belief in the heroic qualities of war was confirmed.
Discharged from the hospital amid social anarchy after Germany's defeat, Hitler did political work in Munich in May – June 1919. As an army political agent, he joined the small German Workers' Party (September 1919) in Munich. In 1920 he was put in charge of the propaganda of the party and left the army to devote himself to improving his position within the party, which was renamed the National-Ciazalistische Deutsche Arberaperetti (Nazi) that year. The conditions were certain for the development of such a party. The outrage over the loss of the war and the severity of the terms of the peace added to the economic woes and brought widespread dissatisfaction. This was particularly sharp in Bavaria, due to its traditional separatism and dislike towards the region's popular republican government in Berlin. A coup was carried out in March 1920 by some army officers, who attempted to establish a right-wing government.
Munich was a gathering place for disgruntled ex-soldiers and members of the Freikorps, organized in 1918–1919 from units of the German Army who were unwilling to return to civilian life, and for political conspirators against the Republic. Many of these joined the Nazi party. The most prominent of them was Ernst Röhm, a staff member of the District Army Command, who joined the German Workers' Party before Hitler and who was very helpful in furthering the rise of Hitler within the party. It was he who recruited the "strong-arm" squads used by Hitler to defend the party's meetings, to attack the Socialists and Communists, and to exploit the violence to the impression of the strength given to it. In 1921 these squads were formally organized into a private party army, SA under Rohm.
Röhm was also able to obtain protection from the Bavarian government, which relied on the command of the local army for the maintenance of order and which calmly accepted some of its terrorist tactics.
The climax of this rapid development of the Nazi party in Bavaria came in an attempt to seize power in the Munich (Beer Hall) Puts in November 1923, when Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff of Weimar Tried to take advantage of the prevailing confusion and protest. Republic to force Bavarian government leaders and local army commander to announce national revolution. In the scuffle, which resulted in the police and army firing on the marching marchers, some of them were killed. Hitler was injured, and four policemen were killed. After being involved in a trial for treason, he took heavy publicity, taking advantage of the characterlessness. He also took an important lesson from the Puts - that the movement should gain power through legal means. He was sentenced to prison for five years, but was able to serve only nine months, and relatives at the Landsberg castle were at rest. Hitler used the time to determine Mein Kampf's first volume, as a compilation of his multilateral views, along with his political autobiography.
Hitler's ideas included inequality between race, nations, and individuals as part of an unchanging natural order that extended the "Aryan race" as a creative element of mankind. According to Hitler, the natural unit of mankind was the Volk ("people"), of whom the German people were the greatest. Furthermore, he believed that the state existed to serve Volk — a mission for which the Weimar German Republic betrayed. All morality and truth were judged on this criterion: was it according to Volk's interest and patronage. Parliamentary democratic government was double condemned. It envisaged the equality of individuals that Hitler did not exist and considered what could be decided by parliamentary procedures in the interests of Volk. Instead, Hitler argued that Volcker's unity would find his avatar in the Führer, endowed with absolute authority. The party was drawn from Volk under the Führer and was in turn safe.
The biggest enemy of Nazism, in Hitler's view, was not a liberal democracy in Germany, which was already on the verge of collapse.
This rival was Weltanchang, Marxism (which for him embraced social democracy as well as communism), with its insistence on internationalism and economic conflict. Beyond Marxism he considered the greatest enemy of being Jewish, an incarnation of evil for Hitler. There is a debate among historians as to when anti-Semitism became the deepest and strongest punishment for Hitler. In early 1919 he wrote, "Rational antisemitism must lead to systematic legal opposition." Its ultimate aim would be to eliminate the Jews altogether. In Mein Kampf, he Described the Jew as "destroyer of culture", "a parasite within the nation" and "a male".
During Hitler's absence in prison, the Nazi party ended as a result of internal dissatisfaction. After his release, Hitler faced difficulties that did not exist before 1923. Economic stability was achieved by a currency reform and the Dawes Plan returned to Germany after World War One. The Republic seemed to have become more respected. Hitler was prohibited from making speeches, first in Bavaria, then in many other German states (these prohibitions remained in force until 1927–28). Nevertheless, the party gradually grew in number, and in 1926 Hitler successfully established his position against Gregor Strasser, whose followers were mainly in northern Germany.
The arrival of the Depression in 1929, however, caused a new round of political instability. In 1930 Hitler aligned with the nationalist Alfred Huguenberg in a campaign against the Young Plan, a second renaissance of Germany's payment of war reparations. With the help of Hagenberg's newspapers, Hitler was able to reach a nationwide audience for the first time. The coalition enabled him to garner support from many bosses of trade and industry who controlled political funds and were eager to use them to establish a strong right-wing, anti-social government. Hitler placed subsidies from industrialists on a safe financial footing to his party and enabled him to effect his emotional appeal to the lower middle class and the unemployed, based on his declaration of belief that Germany would give its feelings Will be awake to reinstall. Natural greatness. Hitler's dealings with Hitler and industrialists exemplify his skills in using those who wanted to use them. But his most important achievement was the establishment of a truly national party (with voters from the time and followers from various classes and religious groups), unique in Germany at the time.
The propaganda, set against the government's failure to improve conditions during the Depression, produced an ever-increasing electoral force for the Nazis. The party became the second largest party in the country when it rose from 2.6 percent in the 1928 national election to more than 18 percent in September 1930. In 1932, Hitler opposed Hindenburg in the presidential election, capturing 36.8 percent of the vote. Second Ballot. Finding themselves in a strong position by virtue of their unprecedented mass He entered a series of intrigues with conservatives such as Franz von Papen, Otto Meissner and President Hindenburg's son, Oscar. Fear of communism and disapproval of the Social Democrats tied them together. Despite the drop in Nazi party votes in November 1932, Hitler insisted that the Chancellor was the only office he would accept. On January 30, 1933, Hindenburg offered him the registrant of Germany. His cabinet included some Nazis at the time.
Hitler's personal life had become more relaxed and stable, with added comfort with political success. After his release from prison, he often moved to Oberslzburg near Berchtsgaden. At this time his income was derived from writing for party funds and nationalist newspapers. He was largely indifferent
to clothes and food but did not eat meat and quit drinking beer (and all other alcohol). Instead, irregular working schedules prevailed. He would usually get up late, sometimes sit at his desk, and retire late at night.
In Berchtesgaden, he was accompanied by his half-sister Angela Roubal and his two daughters. Hitler became devoted to one of them, Geely, and it seems that his rightful jealousy sent him to suicide in September 1931. Hitler was inconsistent. Some time later Eva Braun, a shop assistant in Munich, became his mistress. Hitler rarely allowed him to appear in public with him. He would not consider marriage on the grounds that it would hamper his career. Braun was a simple young woman with some intellectual gifts. In Hitler's eyes his great quality was his undisputed loyalty, and in recognition of this he legally married her at the end of his life.
After coming to power, Hitler established a complete dictatorship. He obtained the President's assent for new elections. On the night of February 27, 1933, the Reichstag fire, (apparently the work of a Dutch communist, Marinas van der Lube), gave a decree to reject all guarantees of independence and a rapid campaign of violence. Under these conditions, when the elections were held (5 March), the Nazis cast 43.9 percent of the vote. On 21 March, the Reichstag gathered at the Potsdam Garrison Church to demonstrate the unity of National Socialism with Old Orthodox Germany, presented by Hindenburg. Two days later, the able bill, giving full powers to Hitler, was passed into the Reichstag by a combined vote of Nazi, nationalist and Central Party duties (March 23, 1933). In less than three months all non-Nazi parties, organizations, and labor unions ceased to exist. There was a German Concorde with the Vatican in July following the disappearance of the Catholic Center Party. (See Adolf Hitler addressing the Reichstag.)
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